Niki ikora ya karubone ikora ikuraho kandi igabanya?

Nk’uko EPA (Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri Amerika) ikora Carbone niyo tekinoroji yonyine yo kuyungurura isabwa gukuraho

• bose uko ari 32 bagaragaje umwanda wanduye harimo na THMs (ibikomoka kuri chlorine).
• imiti 14 yica udukoko twashyizwe ku rutonde (ibi birimo nitrate kimwe nudukoko twica udukoko nka glyphosate nayo bita roundup)
• ibyatsi 12 bikunze kugaragara.

Nibintu byihariye bihumanya hamwe nindi miti iyungurura amakara ikuraho.

Chlorine (Cl)

Amazi menshi ya robine rusange muburayi no muri Amerika ya ruguru aragenzurwa cyane, arageragezwa kandi yemerewe kunywa.Ariko, kugirango bigire umutekano, hongewemo chlorine ishobora gutuma uburyohe no kunuka nabi.Akayunguruzo ka Carbone ikora neza mugukuraho chlorine hamwe nuburyohe bubi numunuko.Ubwiza bwo hejuru bwa karubone muyunguruzi irashobora gukuraho95% cyangwa arenga ya chlorine yubusa.

Kubindi bisobanuro kuriyi soma kubyerekeyebyose hamwe na chlorine yubusa.

Chlorine ntigomba kwitiranywa na Chloride ni minerval ihujwe na sodium na calcium.Chloride irashobora kwiyongera gato mugihe amazi ayungurujwe na karubone ikora.

Chlorine bi-bicuruzwa

Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara ku mazi ya robine ni ibicuruzwa (VOC) biva muri chlorine nka THMs bigaragara ko ishobora kuba kanseri.Carbone ikora ikora neza kuruta ubundi buhanga bwo kuyungurura mugukuraho ibi.Ukurikije EPA ikuraho chlorine 32 ikunze kuboneka.Bikunze gupimwa muri raporo y'amazi ya robine ni THMs zose.

Chloride (Cl-)

Chloride ni imyunyu ngugu isanzwe ifasha kugumana ubwinshi bwamaraso, umuvuduko wamaraso, na pH byamazi yumubiri.Nyamara, Chloride ikabije mumazi irashobora gutera uburyohe bwumunyu.Chloride ni ikintu gisanzwe cyamazi ya robine nta buzima bubi.Nibice bigize chlorination yo kunywa amazi ava muri bagiteri na virusi byangiza.Ntabwo ikeneye kuyungurura cyangwa gukurwaho ariko karubone ikora mubisanzwe igabanya chloride 50-70%.Mubihe bidasanzwe chloride irashobora kwiyongera mubyukuri.

Imiti yica udukoko

Imiti yica udukoko ni ibintu bigamije kurwanya udukoko, harimo urumamfu rurangirira mu mazi yo mu butaka, ibiyaga, inzuzi, inyanja ndetse rimwe na rimwe amazi akuramo nubwo bivurwa.Carbone ikora igeragezwa kugirango ikureho imiti 14 yica udukoko twinshi harimo Chlordane, Chlordecone (CLD / Kepone), Glyphosate (Round-up), Heptachlor, na Lindane.Ibi kandi birimo Nitrate (se hepfo).

Imiti yica ibyatsi

Imiti yica ibyatsi izwi kandi nka nyakatsi, ni ibintu bikoreshwa mukurwanya ibihingwa bidakenewe.Carbone ikora irageragezwa kugirango ikureho ibyatsi 12 byica ibyatsi birimo 2,4-D na Atrazine.

Nitrate (NO32-)

Nitrate nimwe mubintu byingenzi byingirakamaro kubimera.Nisoko ikungahaye kuri Azote, ningirakamaro mu mikurire yikimera.Nitrate nta ngaruka mbi zizwi ku bantu bakuru keretse niba ari nyinshi cyane.Nyamara, Nitrate ikabije mumazi irashobora gutera Methemoglobinemia, cyangwa "umwana wubururu" (Kubura ogisijeni).

Nitrate mumazi ya robine ikomoka cyane cyane kumafumbire, sisitemu ya septique, no kubika ifumbire cyangwa ibikorwa byo gukwirakwiza.Carbone ikora mubisanzwe igabanya nitrate 50-70% bitewe nubwiza bwa filteri.

PFOS

PFOS ni imiti yubukorikori ikoreshwa murugero ifuro irwanya umuriro, isahani yicyuma hamwe nudukoko twangiza.Mu myaka yashize byarangiye mubidukikije no kunywa amazi yo kunywa hamwe nibintu bibiri bikomeye byabaye muri Amerika ya ruguru no mu Burayi.Nk’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2002 n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe ibidukikije muri OECD “PFOS ikomeje, bioaccumulative kandi ni uburozi ku moko y’inyamabere.”Carbone ikora yabonetse kugirango ikore nezagukuramo PFOS harimo PFAS, PFOA na PFNA.

Fosifate (PO43-)

Fosifate, nka nitrate, ni ngombwa mu mikurire y'ibimera.Fosifate ni inzitizi ikomeye yo kwangirika.Ubwinshi bwa Fosifate ntabwo bwerekanye ingaruka mbi zubuzima kubantu.Sisitemu y'amazi rusange (PWSs) ikunze kongeramo fosifate mumazi yo kunywa kugirango wirinde ko amasasu n'umuringa biva mu miyoboro no mu bikoresho.Akayunguruzo keza k'amakara mu bisanzwe gakuraho 70-90% ya fosifate.

Litiyumu (Li +)

Litiyumu ibaho bisanzwe mumazi yo kunywa.Nubwo ibaho ku gipimo gito cyane, Litiyumu mubyukuri ni antidepressant.Ntabwo yerekanye ingaruka mbi ku mubiri w'umuntu.Litiyumu irashobora kuboneka mumazi ya brine kumugabane, amazi ya geothermal, hamwe na peteroli ya gaz.Akayunguruzo k'amakara nka TAPP Amazi agabanya 70-90% yiki kintu.

 Imiti

Ikoreshwa rya farumasi ahantu hose ryatumye habaho gusohora imiti hamwe na metabolite yabyo mumazi mabi.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muri iki gihe bwerekana ko bidashoboka ko guhura n’imiti mike cyane y’imiti mu mazi yo kunywa byagira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abantu, kubera ko imiti y’imiti igaragara mu mazi yo kunywa ari amabwiriza menshi y’ubunini buri munsi y’umuti muto wo kuvura. .Imiti ya farumasi irashobora kurekurwa mumasoko y'amazi ava mumasoko ava mubikorwa bitagenzuwe neza cyangwa mubikorwa byumusaruro, cyane cyane bifitanye isano nubuvuzi rusange.Iyungurura ryiza rya karubone nziza nka EcoPro ikuraho 95% yimiti.

Microplastique

Microplastique nigisubizo cyimyanda ya plastike muburyo butandukanye bwamasoko.Ingaruka nyayo ya microplastique kubuzima bwabantu iragoye kumenya kubwimpamvu zitandukanye.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa plastiki, kimwe ninyongeramusaruro zitandukanye zishobora kuba zidahari.Iyo imyanda ya plastike yinjiye

inzira y'amazi, ntabwo yangirika nkuko ibikoresho bisanzwe.Ahubwo, guhura nimirasire yizuba, reaction ya ogisijeni, no kwangirika kubintu bifatika nkumuraba numucanga bitera imyanda ya plastike kumeneka mo uduce duto.Microplastique ntoya yagaragaye muri raporo rusange ni micron 2.6.A micron ya karubone 2 nka EcoPro ikuraho microplastique yose irenze 2-microne.